Railway truck



Aprii 25, 1944.

RAIL-'WAY TRUCK FledJMay 24, 1940 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 Gk @UGH 2,34%453 F COUCH Apri 25, 1944.

RALWAY TRUCK Filed May 24, 1940 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 April 25, 1944. G. F. coucH 2,347,463

RAILWAY TRUCK Filed May 24, 1940 4 Sheets-Sheet 5 QE/V/VFCa/j 6a l l I @M ww his April 25, 1944. G. F. coucH 2,347,463

RAILWAY TRUCK Filed May 24, 1940 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 l ilexible railway truck adapted to adjust'itself to 5 direction of the arrows.

Patented Apr. 25, 1944 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 2,347,463 RAILWAY TRUCK Glenn F. Couch, Rochester, N. Y., assignor to The Symington-Gonld Corporation, Rochester,

. a corporation of Maryland Application May 24, 1940, Serial No. 337,101 48 Claims. (Cl. 10S-197) The invention pertains to a railway truck and along the lines 6 6 of Figure 5, looking in the more particularly to a spring plankless, flexible direction ofthe arrows. type thereof. Figure 7 is a vertical cross sectional view taken An object of the invention is to provide a along the lines 1 1 of Figure 6, looking in the and absorb service impulses. Referring now in detail to the drawings, and

A feature of the invention is to arrange, in a particularly Figures 1 to 4 thereof, wherein like f railway truck, a bolster structure, a part of Which reference characters designate like parts, a railhas a controlled pivotal or horizontal angular Way truck, only a part of which is illustrated, movement. lo is indicated in a general manner by the numeral A further feature of the invention is to provide, l. The railway truck of the present embodiment in a railway truck, a side frame and a resiliently is desirably of the spring plankless type and ture for snubbing or retarding the vertical move- 15 imparted thereto during Service. Making 11D l site direction. 25 tion 0r arrangement of parts.

30 the lateral limits thereof. A tension member 6 one part of the bolster structure and the side frame, and resilient means reacting against shoes having a centra] portion spaced a predetermmed succeeding description considered together with 3" e ligger; 'Vrb Isgg, lggdsgfg, e accompanying drawings' Whe beyond the planes of the anges 9 as at l0 to partially in section to more clearly illustrate the 40 ated diagrammamcauy. The tension member relation of parts. d

Figure 2 is a horizontal Sectional View taken and outwardly toward the extremities of the side along the lines 2-2 0f Figure 1 looking in the frame where they join or merge with the comdirection of the arrows. I

Figure 3 is a cross sectional view taken along 45 yThe upper web 1, intermediate the exten ed the lines 3-3 of Figure 1, looking in the direcplanes of the flanges 9, 1S provided with gption or the arrows. positely directed convolutions or em-bossments Figure 4 is a cross sectional view taken along I3 which commence adjacent the transverse verthe lines 4 4 0f Figure 1, looking in the dreC- tical plane of the side frame and aredirected tion of the arrows. 5o upwardly and outwardly toward the extremities Figure 5 1s an elevational view of a railway of the side frame at an angle different from the truck embodying a lmodification of the present inclined end portions l2.

invention and shown partially in vertical section Extending and forming connectie Figure 6 is a horizontal sectional view taken o6 of longitudinally spaced counterpart guide columns Il which define a bolster or window railway truck passing the contiguous extremities opening I5 therebetween. The guide columns, of successive rails or from a delivering rail to a desirably channel-shaped in horizontal cross receiving rail. In order to accomplish the above section opening toward or communicating with and still present appreciable surface bearing or the window opening throughout a desired ex- 5 contacting areas between movable parts, the side tent of their upper portions and of substantially walls 28 of each bolster extremity are formed channel-shape in horizontal cross sectinfacing with outwardly facing" arcuate, convex or cylinaway from the bolster opening throughout their drical surfaces 29 substantially coaxial with relower portions, each comprise a web spect to one another and with respect to an axis inner transversely spaced flanges I1 extending 10 formed by the intersection of a vertical longituinwardly of the side frame from adjacent lateral dinal plane passing through the side frame inedges thereof. The inner flanges I1 are integral termediate its transverse limits and a vertical with the compression member flanges and tertransverse plane bisecting the side frame, which minate short of the tension member top web 1 will be hereinafter conveniently termed, for the for the purpose to be hereinafter explained. sake of brevity, the vertical axis of the side The flanges I1 are desirably reinforced adjacent frame. On the arms of each saddle are corretheir free edges by outer beadings I8 which spondingly formed inwardly facing arcuate conmerge with the webs adjacent their lower excave or cylindrical surfaces 30 substantially cotremities. Extending away from the lower poraxial with respect to one another and the vertion of each column web are transversely spaced tical axis of the associated side frame. The outer anges I9 which merge with the inclined saddle surfaces 30 are desirably spaced a predeportions of the tension members. The outer termined distance from the associated bolster flanges I! are also reinforced by beadings 20 surfaces so as to permit the bolster to move subwhich are directed inwardly of the side frame stantially free in service so far as the side walls from the free edges of the flanges. and arms are concerned and at the same time Positioned in the upper extremity of the winpresent appreciable surfaces adapted to contact dow opening is a composite vbolster structure substantially throughout their entire extent irdesignated generally by the reference character respective of the position of the bolster ex- 2I and preferably comprising an adapter memtremitywith respect to the side frame. Since a ber, spring plate or saddle 22 and a superim- 30 pivotal bolster movement is provided for, it also posed bolster extremity 23. It will be underbecomes necessary to limit this movement for stood that a bolster or load carrying member otherwise the truck would derail. The bolster extends and forms a connection between spaced limiting means is characterized by transversely side frames with only its extremities interlocked spaced surfaces 3| on each bolster side wall, and with and occupying a portion of the space dein the particular present structure these surfaces fined by the guide columns. The adapter memform inner faces of stop lugs 32 which are inber or saddle bears directly upon the nest of strumental in limiting a transverse movement springs II so that the bolster structure may be of the bolster with respect to the side frame. resiliently supported from the side frame. The The surfaces 3I are substantially coradial with saddleL of generally U-shape when viewed from 40 the vertical axis of the side frame and are dethe front, particular reference being made to sirably angularly disposed in spaced relation to Figure 1 of the drawings, forms a cradle for the outwardly facing surfaces 33 formed on the sadaccommodation of and support for the associated die legs. The latter mentioned surfaces are also bolster extremity and accordingly comprises a substantially coradial with respect to the vertical horizontal elongated member, bed plate or base axis of the associated side frame. The angie bemember 2| of a predetermined extent to adetween the adjacent surfaces 3| and 33 is deterquately blanket the underlying group of springs. minative of the permissible angular movement Upstanding from and adjacent the opposite edges of the bolster extremity, and as will be noted of the base plate is a pair of longitudinally spaced, and observed an angular movement of the bolster substantially vertical, transversely extending legs in one direction will result in full contact beor arms 25 adapted to embrace the associated tween related surfaces 3I and 33 disposed diagbolster extremity therebetween. Each bolster onally of the window opening; that is to say, extremity is composed of vertically spaced hori- ,the associated surfaces on one side of the bolster Zonta] upper and lower walls 26 and 21, respecinwardly 0f the Side frame and 0n the other Side tively, joined by longitudinally spaced substanof the bolster outwardly of the side frame will tially vertical side walls 28 to form a box-like be brought into bearing relation upon an angular structure in vertical cross` section. The side movement of the bolster extremity inone direcwalls of the ,bolster extremity are desirably tion to thereby form a. definite or positive stop spaced a predetermined distance inwardly of the to arresa continued pivotal movement of the window opening from the saddle legs so that the e0 bolster extremity. The saddle arms have, opbolster extremity may move relatively to the posed from the arcuate and radial surfaces, outsaddle, as will be hereinafter pointed outin wardly facing plane substantially vertical surdetail. faces 2lia ywhich are spaced from and adapted As previously indicated, the present structure to engage the adjacent column flange exis designed so as to lend itself or be responsive, a5 tremities, and 1n this manner the saddle is prewlthin certain predetermined limits, to service vented or restricted from shifting longitudinally impulses, and accordingly the bolster is arranged of the side frame beyond a predetermined and constructed to be capable of a pivoting or amount.

angling movement in a horizontal plane relative As previously stated, the instant truck is of the to the side frame and, in this particular conspring plankless type and, therefore, is desirably struction, also to the saddles. In this respect, devoid of any connecting means adjacent the therefore, the side frames are permitted to get lower extremities of the side frames for the purout of transverse alignment upon application pose of holding them in transverse alignment and of longitudinal thrusts to one side of the truck spaced relation. In trucks where spring planks such as would be caused by a'leading wheel of a 75 are employed to function as a tie and thereby somewhat rigidity the lower extremity of the truck, the side frames thereof may move longitudinally of the truck out of transverse alignment, and for the specific truck of this type attention is directed to Patent No. 2,132,384, granted October 11, 1938 to Donald S. Barrows. In the patented structure referred to the spring plank bears upon the tension members of the side frames throughout an appreciable area, and as the side frames are urged out of transverse alignment the spring plank angles horizontally to result in frictional forces being created on contacting faces of the spring plank and side frames. It has been found that these frictional forces function as a control, dampening or snubbing means to regulate relative side frame movements. While a spring plank is not employed in the embodiment of the present invention, there is provided, however, an arrangement and association of parts whereby frictional forces are created to control, slacken or retard longitudinal movements of the side frames relativeto each other. This arrangement is characterized by a downwardly facing substantially horizontal surface 34 on the bolster extremity which bears upon a correspondingly formed upwardly facing surface 35 on the saddle bed plate. The surfaces 34 and 35 are adapted to move relatively to one another upon a pivotal movement of the bolster extremity to thereby create frictional forces tending to maintain the side frames in transverse alignment. The saddle bed plate is provided with an interlocking. means or convolution 36 upstanding therefrom intermediate its transverse edges to extend longitudinally and have its ends inclined, as at 31, forming knee braces. to finally merge with the saddle legs. The convolution forms a bridge or wall connecting the arms and reinforcing them against stresses to which they will be subjected in service. The bottom wall of the bolster is provided with an indentation or recess 38 to accommodate the saddle convolution with sufficient clearance being allowed between the bridge and bolster bottom wall to prevent interference therebetween during bolster extremity movements.

It will be noted that the illustrated bolster structure supporting springs are all of the coil or helical type. In this connection it may be well to state that springs of the same type forming a group and of the same size have a substantially uniform period of vibration. Accordingly, at certain speeds of a railway truck and upon passage over rail joints or other irregularities such as might appear in the tracks or road bed, impulses will be transmitted to the truck which will synchronize with the spring vibrations. This synchronization of external impulses and spring vibrations will cause an amplification of the spring vibrations tending to force the springs solid during a compressive movement thereof and, upon recoil, expand them beyond their normal height. This excessive spring travel will eventually result in damage to the springs themselves as well as to the truck. car superstructure and car lading. On the other hand, if this above referred to excessive spring movement is alternated between the groups beneath each bolster extremity the bolster will then have a rocking motion imparted thereto which may result in derailment of the vehicle.

An arrangement has been incorporated in the embodiment of the present invention to check, retard or disturb the bolster spring vibrations, and as illustrative of an arrangement which may be used. the saddle arms are provided with oppositely directed wedge-shaped extremities 39, integrally formed therewith and projecting into the channels formed by the upper extremities of the guide columns to terminate short of the column webs I6. The wedges are substantially inverted V- shape in vertical cross section to lighten the saddle member and, therefore, are provided with transversely disposed reinforcing ribs 40. Each wedge presents outer surfaces 4I angularly disposed with respect to one another and facing toward their respective associated guide column inner flanges. Associated with each saddle wedge is a pair of substantially counterpart shoes 42 interposed between each wedge and adjacent guide column flanges. The shoesv are provided with inner inclined or tapered surfaces 43 in intimate contact with and adapted to be moved relative to the wedge -inclined surfaces 4I, and by reason of this surface relationship the shoes are adapted to be moved transversely of the truck toward the guide column inner flanges. So as to protect the guide column anges against wear there have been provided wear plates 44 which areA preferably welded to the inner surfaces of the column flanges and form contact means for the engaging shoes. The shoes, therefore, have outwardly facing substantially vertical surfaces 45 which bear against inboard and outboard inwardly facing surfaces 46 of the plates, and upon any movement of the bolster structure in a vertical direction frictional forces will be created on the contacting surfaces 45 and 46 tothereby prevent. disturb or break up harmonic or synchronous vibrations which may be set up in the bolster structure supporting springs. Itl will also be noted that the particular shoe and wedge arrangement will prevent the saddle from angling horizontally with respect to the side frame upon the execution of a like action by the bolster extremity. Thef shoes are each provided with anupstanding shoulder 41 which permits a vertical extension of the surfaces 45 thereof to present an appreciable wear plate contacting. area.

So as to maintain the shoes in bearing reation with the saddle wedges and column flange plates the bolster extremity is provided with oppositely directed substantially horizontal arms or abutments 48 formed integrally with the bolster extremity side walls and extending therefrom in vertically spaced relation to the saddle wedges to terminate short of the column webs. The bolster extremity abutments are reinforced against any hinging action which may be imparted thereto in service by means of gussets 49 spaced transversely of the truck and joining the transverse edges of the abutments with the bolster extremity side walls. Reacting between the bolster extremity and' each shoe is a coil or helical spring 5l) which bears against the overlying abutment and sub-` jacent shoe to resiliently urge the shoes downwardly into wedging engagement with the wedges and column `wear plates. The compression of the coil springs 50 is determinative ofthe amount or degree of friction created on the relatively movable shoe and plate surfaces 45 and 46, respectively. Studs 5| or any other suitable or desirable means are formed integrally with the shoes` and abutments to extend into the coil springs 50 and thereby retain them in a predetermined er operable position. The inner flanges of the guide columns are terminated short of the tension member so that the saddle and bolster extremity may be assembled with their related structure as, by referring to Figure l, it will be observed that the saddle is of a greater length and the bolster extremity, inclusive of the abutments, of a greater width than the clear opening of the upper extremity of the window opening. It, therefore, becomes necessary, in assembling the illustrated structure, to first insert the bolster extremity into the lower portion of the window opening and thereafter raise it to occupy a position adjacent the upper extremity of the window opening. The coil springs 50 and the shoes are then applied in the order named, followed by the application of the saddle member, and finally the insertion of the nest of springs in bolstersupporting position between the side frame tension member and saddle.

It will be noted, by referring particularly to Figure 3 of the drawings, that upon a compressive or recoil movement of the springs of the group the bolster structure, inclusive of the bolster extremity and saddle, will move in unison, and further, that upon a compressive movement of the springs resulting in a downward movement of the bolster structure, the shoes remain substantially fixed relative to the wedges and abutments to create a certain predetermined degree of frictional forces. However, upon a recoil of the bolster supporting springs the shoes are capable of movement away from the bolster extremity abutments and the wedges may increase the pressure of the shoes against the column wear plates, and accordingly a greater degree 'of frictional forces acting upon the surfaces 45 and I6 is created upon recoil of the bolster supporting springs than upon compression thereof.

By now referring to Figures 5 through 7, the modified species of the invention, whereby there is illustrated a railway truck I, also of the spring plankless type, it will be hereinafter noted that the truck now under immediate consideration is substantially a counterpart of the previously described structure with variations in construction and arrangement to be pointed outin detail. The railway truck comprises a pair of side frames 2l, only a portion of one being illustrated. Each side frame comprises a compression member 3* and a vertically spaced tension member 6B integrally connected intermediate their extremities by longitudinally spaced, vertically disposed guide columns I l* which define or form the hori-` zontal limits of a bolster or window opening |53. Each guide column, being desirably of channel configuration in horizontal cross section, comprises a web IB", disposed transversely of the side frame, and laterally spaced inner flanges I1*l directed toward the window opening from the extremities of the column web. The inner flanges extend from the compression member to a position spaced above the tension member so that the lowermost portion of the window opening will be substantially unrestricted between the column webs. Extending outwardly toward the adjacent extremity of the side frame from each column web is a pair of spaced outer flanges I9 which join the column web to the associated portion of the tension member.

Positioned in the upper extremity of the window opening is a multi-part or composite bolster structure' 2| comprising an adapter member or saddle 22l and an overlying bolster extremity 23a. As was pointed out in connection with the previously described structure, the bolster forms a tie or connection between a pair of transversely spaced side frames and also functions as a medium through which a superimposed load is transmitted to the side frames. The adapter member or saddle rests upon a subjacent nest or group of springs illustrated diagrammatlcally, which is interposed between the side frame tension member and bolster structure in the window opening to form a resilient support. The saddle 22, of substantially U configuration when viewed from the front, forms a cradle in which the associated bolster extremity rests and, as such, comprises a horizontal bed plate or base member 24*1 extended sufficiently to completely overlie the spring group therebeneath. Upstanding vertically from opposite edges of the base member are transversely extending legs or arms 25b embracing the associated bolster extremity therebetween and forming a means whereby movement of the bolster extremity longitudinally of the side frame beyond a predetermined amount is arrested. The bolster extremity comprises vertically spaced upper and lower walls 26 and 2l, respectively, integrally united by longitudinally spaced, substantially vertical side walls 28B.

As in the previously described structure, the instant bolster is adapted to angle in a horizontal plane relative to the side frames and saddles or pivot about two spaced axes so as to impart to the truck a desired degree of flexibility. Accordingly, the side walls 28 of each bolster extremity are provided with outwardly facing arcuate convex or cylindrical surfaces 29B substantially coaxial with respect to one another and the vertical axis of the associated side frame. Likewise, correspondingly formed surfaces 3|)a are provided on the saddle arms to be disposed in spaced relation to the bolster extremity arcuate surfaces and are desirably arcuate, concave or cylindrical and also Vcoaxial with respect to one another and the vertical axis of the associated side frame.

Means has been provided in the structure to restrict the pivotal or horizontal angling movement of the bolster and, characteristic of such means, tapering or inclined surfaces 3|a form the inner faces of stop or guide lugs 32 outstanding from the bolster extremity side walls in overlapping relation with the saddle arms and a portion of the column flanges. The surfaces 3 l, at each bolster extremity, are substantially coradial with respect to one another as well as lie in planes substantially radiating from the vertical axis of the adjacent side frame. Forming engaging surfaces for the bolster extremity radial faces are substantially coradial surfaces 33BL facing outwardly of the side frame and positioned on the saddle legs as continuations of the concave surfaces. In like manner, substantially coradial outwardly facing surfaces 52 are provided on the side frame column flanges which desirably lie in the same radial planes as or are in alignment with the saddle radial surfaces 33a. The aligned radial surfaces 52 and 33a are angularly disposed to the bolster extremity surfaces 3|, and the included angle therebetween is determinative of the permissible range of bolster angularity since any deviation of the bolster from the normal illustrated position will result in the engagement of the surfaces 3|a by the aligned surfaces 52 and 33xl at diagonally opposite corners of the window opening to definitely and positively arrest a continued bolster angular movement. It will be here noted that the saddles and side frames are, in the instant structure, both instrumental in limiting the pivotal movement of the bolster beyond a predetermined degree. The saddle arms have substantially vertical transversely disposed and outwardly facing surfaces 25c normally spaced from and adapted to contact correspondingly disposed or parallel surfaces 53 on the column flanges to limit the longitudinal movement of the saddle relative to the side frame.

Contacting friction surfaces are arranged on the bolster extremity and subjacent saddle so as to control the horizontal angling movement of bolster. As saddle bed pl exemplary the of these surfaces, the

ate has an upwardly facing, substantially horizontal plane surface 35a bearing against a. correspondingly formed downwardly bolster extremity hereinafter pointed out,

tending convolution or disposed longitudinally exl embossment 36* its extremities inclined, as at 31, to

bottom which has form knee braces and nally merge into the saddle arms.

bolster is formed or indentation 38B volution; suficient the convolution to of the bolster.

In this species permit saddle armsl are reinforced with an accommodating recess which receives the saddle conclearance being provided about a free service movement of the invention the supporting springs of the bolster structure are also desirably of the same type,

as to disturb harmonic actions springs, and so the adjacent column flanges. Since the wedges, as

will be hereinafter appar from moving given to safeguarding the an angular directi ent, prevent the saddle Consideration has been column anges against l 5 structure supporting springs. the .shoes have outwardly facing surfaces 45* which bear,

Reacting between the bolster relation between the shoe and column plate surfaces 45* and 46, be noted that theshoes'of the instant structure are hollowed or cup-shaped to form spring for maintaining the springs in a predetermined position.

As will be clearly understood, various changes and alterations may be made to-the illustrated and described structure without departing from within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.

I claim: y

1. In a railway truck, a side frame having a bolster opening` U are coil or helical springsl horizontally spaced .s against said latter against said wedges.

6 said opening between said guide columns, abutments extending outwardly of said bolster structure toward said guide columns, wedge means in lower vertically spaced relation with said abutments extending outwardly of said bolster structure toward said guide columns, means interposed between said wedge means and guide columns adapted to frictionally engage the latter upon vertical movement of said bolster structure, and springs reacting against said abutments and means.

2,-In a railway truck, a side frame having a bolster opening defined by horizontally spaced U-shaped guide columns facing inwardly oi said sideyirame towards said bolster opening, a vertically movable bolster: structure. positioned in said opening between said guide columns, abutments formed on and extending outwardly oi said bolster structure toward said guide columns, wedge means in lower vertically spaced relation with said abutments extending outwardly of said bolster structure toward said guide columns, means interposed between said wedge means and guide columns adapted to irictionally engage the latter upon vertical movement of said bolster structure, and springs reacting against said abutments and means, said springs, means and wedge means being constructed and arranged so that greater irictional iorces are created during movement of said bolster structure in one direction than in the opposite direction.

3. In a railway truck, a side trame having a bolster opening donned by horizontally spaced guide columns, a vertically movable bolster structure positioned between said columns and comprising a bolster extremity and asubjacent supporting saddle, oppositely directed arms extending toward said guide columns from said bolster extremity, oppositely directed wedges extending toward said guide columns from said saddle, shoes interposed between said wedges and associated guide columns adapted to frictionally engage the latter upon vertical movement of said bolster structure in either direction, and springs reacting against said arms and shoes for maintaining said shoes in a predetermined position.

4. In a railway truck, a side frame having guide columns defining a bolster opening, a` vertically movable bolster structure positioned in said opening between said guide columns, longitudinally directed abutments formed on said bolster structure, longitudinally extending wedges formed on said bolster structure in vertically spaced relation with said abutments, transversely spaced and transversely mov. able counterpart shoes interposed between each wedge and associated guide column for frictionally engaging the latter, and springs reacting abutments and shoes for urging the 5. In a railway truck, a side frame having longitudinally spaced guide columns connecting a compression and a tension member and delning a bolster opening, each guide column having a web, transversely spaced flanges connected to said compressibn member and directed toward said bolster opening from each web, said iianges terminating' short of said tension member, a vertically movable bolster structure positioned in said opening, means formed on said bolster structure and extending toward said webs between said flanges, wedges directed toward said webs from said bolster structure, shoes interposed between said wedges and flanges adapted to frictonally engage the latter upon movement of said bolster structure, and springs interposed between said means and shoes for urging the latter into engagement with said wedges.

6. In a railway truck, a side frame having a bolster opening defined by longitudinally spaced guide columns, a bolster` structure positioned in said opening and comprising a bolster extremity and a separate saddle adapted to move vertlcally in unison, supporting springs interposed between said side frame and saddle, shoes interposed between said saddle and guide columns and adapted to irictionally engage said guide columns, springs reacting against said bolster extremity and shoes for urging said shoes in a. downward and outward direction against said guide columns, said springs, saddle and shoes being arranged and constructed so that a greater degree of frictional forces is created upon the recoil of said supporting springs than upon compression thereof.

7. In a railway truck, a side frame having a bolster opening defined by spaced guide columns, a bolster structure positioned in said opening and comprising a bolster extremity and a separate saddle adapted to move vertically in unison, means on said bolster extremity extending into said guide columns, means on said saddle extending into said guide columns, said bolster extremity and saddle having plane horizontally disposed surfaces` in constant contact, spring means reacting against said bolster extremity and saddle supporting springs between said frame and bolster structure, and means including said spring means interposed between said bolster structure and guide columns for snubbing the action of said supporting springs, said saddle and bolster extremity being arranged and constructed so that said bolster extremity may angle horizontally with respect to said saddle and side frame within predetermined limits and thereby create frictional forces on said plane surfaces.

8. In a railway truck, a side frame having a bolster opening deilned by spaced guide columns, a bolster structure positioned in said opening and comprising a bolster extremity and a saddle adapted to move vertically in unison, means on said bolster extremity extending into said guide columns, means on said saddle extending into said guide columns, resilient means reacting against said bolster extremity and saddle, said saddlebeing held firmly against rotation relative to said side frame, resilient means interposed between said side frame and bolster structure, an upwardly facing substantially horizontal surface on said saddle, a complementary surface on said bolster extremity bearing upon said saddle surface, said bolster extremity being arranged and to be adapted to angle horisaid side frame and saddle whereby, upon any angular movement oi said bolster extremity, frictional forces will be created on said engaging surfaces oi.' said bolster extremity and saddle.

9. In a railway truck, a side frame having longitudinally spaced guide columns connecting a compression and tension member and dening a bolster opening therebetween, each guide column having a web and transversely spaced nanges directed toward said bolster opening from each web, said iianges being connected to said compression member and terminating short of said tension member, a vertically movable bolster structure positioned in said opening, vertically spaced means formed on said bolster structure and positioned between said column flanges, and

asamea 7 means associated with said vertically spaced means for creating frictional forces on said column anges upon vertical movement of said bolster structure.

10. In a railway truck, a side frame having longitudinally spaced guide columns connecting a compression and tension member and defining a bolster opening therebetween, each guide co1- umn having a web and transversely spaced flanges directed toward said bolster opening from each 10 web, said anges being connected to said compresgion member and terminating short of said tension member, a vertically movable bolster structure positioned in said opening, vertically spaced means formed on said bolster structure and positioned between said column nanges, and means associated with said vertically spaced means for creating frictional forces on said column flanges upon vertical movement of said bolster structure, said last-named means being 2 arranged and constructed so as to create a great: er degree of frictional forces when the bolster` moves in one direction than in the opposite direction.

11. In a railway longitudinally spaced guide columns connecting a compression and tension member and defining a bolster opening therebetween, each guide column havinga web and transversely spaced flanges vdirected toward said bolster opening from each web, said flanges being connected to said compression member and terminating short of said tension member, a two-part vertically movable bolster structure positioned in said opening and having vertically spaced means positioned within each guide column, resilient means reacting against said vertically spaced means, one part of said bolster structure being arranged and constructed so as to be capable of angling horizontally with respect to the other part thereof, said last-named bolster part reacting against said column flanges to prevent angling thereof, and substantially horizontal bearing surfaces between said bolster parts whereby frictional forces are created thereon upon a relative horizontal angling movement therebetween.

12. In a railway truck, a side frame having longitudinally spaced guide columns connecting a compression and tension member and dening a bolster opening therebetween, each guide column having a web and transversely spaced flanges,v directed toward said bolster opening from 'each web, said langes'being connected to said compression member and terminating short of said tension member, a two-part lvertically movable bolster structure positioned in said opening, each part of said bolster structure having horizontally directed means extending between the anges of each vguide column, spring means within each guide column reacting vertically against said horio zontally directed means, one part of said bolster structure being arranged and constructed so as to be capable of angling horizontally with respect to the other part thereof, said last-named bolster part reacting transversely of said side frame 55 against said column anges to prevent angling thereof, substantially horizontal bearing surfaces between said bolster parts whereby frictional forces are created thereon upon a relative horizontal angling resiliently urged friction creating means between said bolster structure and column flanges.

13. In a railway truck, a side frame having longitudinally spaced guide columns dening a bolster opening therebetween, each guide column 75 truck, a side frame having 25 movement therebetween, and

5 said opening and adapted to move vertically in unison, said bolster structure being arranged and constructed so that one part thereof may angle horizontally with respect to the other, abutments formed on one bolster part, wedges formed on the other bolster part, transversely acting shoes interposed between said wedges and wear plates so as to frictionally engage the latter upon a vertical movement of said bolster structure, and `spring means reacting against said abutments and shoes for urging the latter against said wedges, one part of said bolster structure frictionally engaging the other part thereof upon a relative horizontal angling movement therebetween.

14. In a saddle for use with a railway truck, a bed plate adapted to completely overlie a nest of springs, spaced arms upstanding from said bed plate adjacent extremities thereof, an upwardly directed convolution adjacent the center of said bed plate joining said arms, and wedges outstanding from sld arms; said wedges having inclined surfaces adapted to engage associated shoes.

15. In a saddle for use with a railway truck, a

bed plate adapted to completely overlie a nest of springs, spaced arms upstanding from said bed plate adjacent extremities thereof, an upwardly directed convolution adjacent the center of said bed plate joining said arms, and wedges outstanding from and formed integrally with said arms; said wedges being in substantial alignment with said convolution and having inclined surfaces adapted to engage associated means.

16. In a saddle for use with a railway truck, a bed plate adapted to completely overlie a nest of springs, spaced arms upstanding from said bed plate adjacent extremities thereof, an upwardly directed convolution adjacent the center of said bed plate joining said arms. and wedges outstanding from and formed integrally with said arms;

said wedges having inclined surfaces facing up-l sitely directed wedge means outstanding from said arms and formed integrally therewith.

18. In a railway truck, in combination, a side frame having guide columns defining a window opening therebetween, each guide column comprising a web and transversely spaced flanges,

vertically disposed inwardly facing cylindrical ture and column flanges, and cylindrical surfaces on said friction means in intimate contact with said column cylindrical surfaces.

19. In a railway truck, in combination, a side frame having guide columns dening a window opening therebetween, each guide column comprising a web and transversely spaced flanges, coradial surfaces on said anges, a two-piece bolster structure positioned in said window openwindow opening,

named bolster piece and ing, one of said bolster pieces being arranged and constructed to angle horizontally with respect to said other bolster piece, coradial surfaces on said last-named bolster piece in substantial radial alignment with said flange coradial surfaces, coradial surfaces on said first-named bolster piece normally spaced from and adapted to engage said substantially aligned coradial surfaces for limiting angular movement of said first-named bolster piece, and friction means between said bolster structure and column flanges.

20. In a railway truck, in combination, a side frame having guide columns defining a window opening therebetween, each guide column comprising a web and transversely spaced flanges, vertically disposed cylindrical surfaces on said column flanges, coradial surfaces on said fianges, a two-piece bolster structure positioned in said one of said bolster pieces being arranged and constructed to angle horizontally with respect to said other bolster piece, coradiai surfaces on said last-named bolster piece in substantial radial' alignment with said flange col radial surfaces, coradial surfaces on said firstnamed bolster piece normally space from and adapted to engage said substantially aligned cqradial surfaces for limiting angular movement of said first-named bolster piece, and friction means between said bolster structure and column flanges; said friction means having cylindrical surfaces in intimate contact with said column flange cylindrical surfaces.

21. In a railway truck, in combination, a side frame having inwardly opening guide columns defining a window opening therebetween, a twopiece bolster construction positioned in said window opening, means outstanding from both bolster pieces extending into said guide columns, resilient means reacting against said outstanding means,

lone of said bolster pieces being held against rotation relative to said side frame by said guide columns, the other of said bolster pieces being rotatable within predetermined limits in an angular direction relative to said side frame and being in surface contact with said 'first-named bolster piece to create frictional forces upon any angular deviation thereof from normal position, and spring means interposed between said firstside frame for the support of said bolster construction from said side frame, both of said bolster pieces being adapted to move vertically in unison.

22. In a railway truck, a side frame having a tension member, a compression member, and spaced U-section columns affording with said members a bolster opening, spring means on' said tension member, a spring capl on said spring means with lateral portions extending within said U-section columns, a bolster end received within said opening and seated on said spring cap, lateral means on said bolster end accommodated within said U-section columns, and cushioning means interposed between said lateral means and said lateral portions in engagement with legs of said columns for cushioning relative movement be# tween the bolster and the side frame.

23. In a railway truck, a side frame having a tension member, a compression member, and spaced U-section columns affording with said members a bolster opening, spring means on said tension member, a spring cap on said spring means, a bolster end received within said opening and seated on said spring cap, lateral means on said bolster end accommodated within said U- section columns, and friction means conned within said columns between portions of said spring cap and said lateral means and having frictional engagement with legs of said U-sectlon columns.

24. In a railway truck, a side frame having a tension member, a compression member and spaced U-section4 columns affording with said members a bolster opening, spring means on said tension member, a two-part bolster structure including a'spring cap on said spring means and a bolster end received within said opening and seated on said spring cap, lateral means on said bolster end accommodated Within said U-section columns, and friction means supported by said spring cap within said columns and engaged by said lateral means, said friction means reacting against legs of said columns for maintaining one part of said bolster structure and side frame in squared relation.

25. In a railway truck, a side frame having a tension member, a compression member and spaced U-shaped columns affording with said members a bolster opening, spring means on said tension member, means on said spring means having lateral portions received Within said columns, a bolster end received within said bolster opening and seated on said spring means, lateral means on said bolster end accommodated within said U-shaped columns, and cushioning means associated with said lateral portions and exerting pressure against legs of said U-shaped columns upon a relative vertical movement of said bolster end and side frame.

26. In a railway truck, a side frame having a tension member, a compression member and spaced U-shaped columns affording with said members a bolster opening, spring means on said tension member, a spring plate having lateral portions extending into said U-shaped columns, a bolster end received within said opening and seated on said spring plate, lateral means on said bolster end accommodated within said U-shaped columns, and means extending between said lateral means and lateral portions and having frictional engagement with legs of said U-shaped column.

27. In a railway truck, a side frame having a tension member, a compression member and spaced U-section columns affording with said members a bolster receiving opening, spring means on said tension member, a spring plate on said spring means, a bolster end received within said opening and seated on said spring plate, lateral means on said bolster end accommodated within said U-shaped columns, and friction means extending between said spring plate and said lateral means and having frictional engagement with legs of said columns; the frictional forces being greater upon a recoil action of said spring means than upon a compressive movement thereof.

28. In a railway truck, a side frame having a tension member, a compression member and spaced U-shaped columns affording with said members a bolster receiving opening, spring means on said tension member, a two-part bolstei structure received within said opening, one pieci of said bolster structure bearing upon said spring means, lateral means on one piece of said bolste; structure accommodated within said U-shapei column, and friction means reacting against th other part of said bolster structure and engage by said lateral means; said friction means react ing against legs of said columns for maintainin eeen-ies t 9 one part ofsaibolster structure and side frame tension and compression members and spaced in squared relation. columns defining a bolster opening, each of said 29. In a railway structure, a. side frame havcolumns having inboard and outboard walls, ing a tension member, a compression member friction surfaces on said walls, a bolster extendand spaced columns affording with said mems lng into said Opening. a member associated with bers a bolster opening, spring means on said said bolster with end portions housed in said tension member, a spring plate on said spring columns respectively, each of said end portions means, a bolster end received within said opening forming afollower associated with a friction deand seated upon said spring plate, and friction vice in the adjacent column, each of said friction means extending between said plate and bolster i devices comprising a spaced follower and friction end; said friction meansbeing so arranged and Shoes between lsaid followers engaging said surconstructed that frlctional forces are exerted facesi A 4 transversely of the truck against said columns 35. In a railway car truck, a. side frame comand the frictional forces created on said friction lnlsing spaced columns and an intervening bolmeans and columns being greater during an exi Ster Opening. lnboard and outboard friction surpansive movement of said spring means than fades 0n each Column. friction elements engaged during a compressive movement thereof. therewith. bolster ln Said opening and resilient- 30. In a railway truck, a side frame-having a ly SUDPOlted frein Seid frame. a member assotension member, a compression member and elated With Said bOlSter, end Ineens Carried by spaced columns connecting said members to de.-` 2o Seldrnelnbel' 1'01 actuating Said elements during ne a bolster opening therebetween, spring relative movement between said bolster and said means on said tension member, a two-part bolframe. Said Ineens comprising wedge means in ster structure supported by said spring means complementen? Wedge engagement with said elewithin said bolster openingszin means includments andrresillent means operatively associated ing friction shoes interposed between said bolster 9 5 with said elements for urging the same into enpartsin frictional engagement with each column; ggement with said wedge means and said sursaid friction shoes reacting against said columns faces. to a greater degree upon an expansive move- 36. In a railway car truck, e Side frame comment of said spring means than upon a comprlSing Spaeed Columns and an intervening pressive movement thereof and maintaining at 3o bolster Openlng, inboard and outboard friction least one of scid bolster parte and Side frame surfaces on each column, friction elements enin squared relation. eased therewith, s bolster in said opening and 31. In a railway car truck, a side frame havreSlllently Supported from said frame, a member ing spaced columns and en intervening bolster associated with said bolster. means carried by opening, each column having spaced surfaces Seid member for actuating said elements during therein' a bolster rcsuicntiy Supported in seid relative movement between said bolster and saidV opening, rigid means associated and vertically freiney Said means comprising friction faces on movable with the bolster and extending between Snld member engaging the elements associated the spaced Surfaces of each column, friction with each column, said faces tapering toward remeans in frictional engagement with at least one 40 Spectlve of the frletlon surfaces on said column, of said spaced surfaces of each column and in and Ineens lll'glng` said elements against said wedge engagement with the adjacent rigid means, faces and Sudanesand resilient means urging said friction means 3i. In a railway car truck, a side frame cominto engagement with said surface and said rigid Drlslng spaced -columns and an intervening means bolster opening, inboard and outboard friction 32. In a railway car truck, a side frame having Surfaces 011 each Column. friction elements enspaced columns and an intervening bolster open gaged therewith, a bolster in said opening and a bolster resilientlysupported within said reslhenlly Supported frein Seid frame, a memopemngand friction device associated with each ber associated with said bolster, means carried by of said columns and comprising friction surfaces said member for actuating said elements during carried by said columns, wedge elements assorellivo movement between said bolster and said i,

elated with tine bolster and vertically movable frame Sad means COmDl'lSlng Wedge surfaces on therewith, said wedge elements being disposed Said member and means urging the friction elewithin said columns, other elements in frictional ments a-ssciaed With each eelumn into engageengagement with said column surfaces and in 11161111 With Sald Wedge surfaces and the assowedge engagement with said wedge elements, remated 0011111111 Surfacessilient means compressed against one of said eie- 3- In e railway ear truck, a side frame comments and spaced from the other thereof, and Prlsng Slaced 09111111118 and* an Aintervening means for transmitting forces of said resilient bolster 098111113 each COlllInn Comprising spaced means to the last-mentioned of said elements. Welle a Spring group on said frame in said open- 33. In a railway car truck, a side frame having 111g a bolster Supported on Said group, friction spaced columns and an intervening bolster openelements ednted to engage said walls, means ing, a bolster resiliently supported within said c urging said elements into said engagement, and opening, and a friction device associated with means formoving said elements against said walls each of said columns and comprising inboard o5 during relative vertical movement between said and outboard friction surfaces therein, a wedge freine 9nd Said bolster, said means consisting of element associated with the bolster and vertically e member associated with the bolster in wedge movable therewith, said element being disposed engagement with the elements, and resiiiem intermediate said surfaces, friction means in means operatively associated with said elements. frictional engagement with at least one of said 7o to urge the same into said engagement. surfaces and in wedge engagement with said eie- 39. In arailway car truck, a side frame comment, and resilient means operatively associated prising l.spaced columns and an intervening with said friction means to urge the same into bolster opening, abolster in said opening resilient said engagement. i lv supported from said frame, each column com- 34. In a r'ailvv car truck, a side frame having 76 prising spaced walls, friction shoes engaging said walls, wedge means engaging said shoes, resilient means within said columns and engaged with said shoes for urging said shoes into engagement with said walls, and an interlocking connection between said wedge means and said bolster.

40. In a railway car truck, a side frame cornprising spaced columns and an intervening bolster opening, each column having spaced walls, a friction device accommodated between the spaced walls of each column and comprising friction elements engaging respective walls, an actuating member frictionally engaged with said elementsand resilient means operative to urge said elements into engagement with said walls and with said member, spring means on said frame in said opening, a bolster element supported on said spring means, and an interlocking connection between said bolster element and said actuating member; the engagement between said actuating member and one of said elements being operative to frictionally resist out-ofsquare movement between said frame and said bolster element.l

4l. In an interlocking member for a railway I car truck, anelongated member having intermediate its `ends interlocking means for an associated bolster,sa'id member having at each end thereof a pair'` of oppositely disposed wedge sur- Il faces slopingv toward opposite sides thereof.

. 42. Inan interlocking member for a railway ear y truck, an elongated member having intermediate its ends interlocking-means for an associated 5.bolster, saidmember having at each end there- "o'foppositely'disposed wedge surfaces sloping toward opposite sides thereof. i 43. In a railway truck, a side frame 'having a bolster opening defined by horizontally spaced guide columns, a vertically movable bolster structure positioned in said opening between said guide columns, spaced abutment portions formed integrally with the upper portion of said bolster structure and each carrying a plane horizontal surface arranged for movement vertically with said bolster structure, wedge surfaces between said columns and disposed in lower spaced relation to said horizontal surfaces, said wedge surfaces being carried by and arranged to move vertically with said bolster structure, a friction shoe having a vertical friction face coacting with an associated vertical face of an adjacent guide column, a wedge face on each friction shoe in intimate contact with a related wedge surface for urging said friction shoe toward the vertical face of an associated guide column, and spring means acting against said horizontal surfaces and friction shoes for urging the latter downwardly of said bolster structure. l

44. In a railway truck, a side frame having a bolster opening defined by horizontally spaced guide columns, a vertically movable bolster structure within said opening, horizontally directed abutments formed integrally with the bolster structure adjacent the upper portion thereof, plane horizontal surfaces carried by said abutments and arranged to move vertically with said bolster structure, wedge surfaces disposed below said plane horizontal surfaces and arranged to move vertically with said bolster structure so that throughout the entire range of vertical movement of said bolster structure the vertical distance between said plane horizontal surfaces and said wedge surfaces will remain constant, said Wedge surfaces starting adjacent the. lower limits of said bolster structure and terminating intermediate the height thereof, shoe means inlfaces, and resilient means acting vertically against said plane horizontal surfaces and said shoe means.

45. In a railway truck, a side frame having a bolster opening defined by horizontally spaced guide columns, a vertically movable bolster structure positioned in said opening between said guide columns, friction means at each side of said bolster structure and being arranged to create a greater degree of frictional forces during an upward movement of said bolster structure than during a downward movement thereof, each of said friction means comprising means formed integrally with an upper portion of said bolster structure and carrying a downwardly facing surface, an inclined surface in lower spaced relation to said downwardly facing surface, said inclined surface starting adjacent the lower limits of said bolster structure and arranged to move vertically therewith so that the vertical distance between the inclined and downwardly facing surfaces will remain substantially constant throughout the entire range of bolster structure vertical movement,

' a single means carrying an upright face arranged to contact a correspondingly disposed face can ried by an associated column and an inclined face in surface bearing relation with said inclined surface, and spring means interposed between said downwardly facing surface and said single means.

46. In a railway truck, a side frame having a bolster opening defined by horizontally spaced guide columns, a vertically movable bolster struc'l ture positioned in said opening between said guide columns, friction means at each side of said bolster structure and arranged to create a greater degree of frictional forces during an upward movement of said bolster structure than during a downward movement thereof, each of said friction means comprising means formed integrally with an upper portion of said bolster structure and carrying downwardly facing abutment surfaces, an inclined surface in lower spaced relation to said abutment surface, said inclined surface being arranged to move vertically with said bolster structure so that the vertical. distance between the inclined and abutment surfaces will remain substantially constant throughout the entire range of bolster structure vertical movement, a single means carrying an upright face arranged to contact an upright surface carried by an associated column, a face intermediate the height of said single means and being disposed substantially at right angles to said upright face, an inclined face on said single means angularly disposed to said upright face and in intimate contact with said bolster structure inclined surface, and spring means under initial compression and acting against said abutment surface and intermediate face.

47. In a railway truck, a. side frame having a bolster opening defined by horizontally spaced guide columns, a vertically movable bolster structure positioned in said opening between said columns, friction means at each side of said bolster structure and arranged to create a greater degree of frictional forces during an upward movement of said bolster structure than during a. -downward movement thereof, each of said friction means comprising means formed integrally with an upper portion of said bolster structure and carrying a downwardly facing horizontal surface,

n inclined surface in lower spaced relation to said horizontal surface, said inclined surface being arranged to move vertically with said bolster structure so that the vertical distance between the inclined and horizontal surfaces will remain constant throughout the entire range of bolster structure vertical movement, a friction shoe having an outer vertical face in intimate contact with a vertical surface on an adjacent column, a. horizontal spring seat carried by said shoe and arranged 'perpendicularly to said outer vertical face, an inclined face on said shoe spaced from said outer vertical face and in intimate contact with said bolster structure inclined surface, and spring means acting vertically and bearing against said horizontal surface and said spring seat.

48. In a railway truck, a side frame having a. bolster opening defined by horizontally spaced guide columns, a. vertically movable bolster struc ture positioned in said opening between said columns, friction means at each side of said bolster and arranged lto create a greater degree of fric tional forces during GLENN F. COUCH. 

